Tribulus terrestris and human growth and growing taller supplements. Height increase research and information.

Tribulus terrestris

Common name:	Caltrop	Family:	Zygophyllaceae
Author:	L.	Botanical references:	50, 200
Synonyms:
Known Hazards:	None known
Range:	Europe - N. France and eastwards to E. Asia.
Habitat:	Dry open habitats, often as a weed in Europe[50]. Sandy seashores in Japan[58].
Plants For A Future Rating (1-5):	1

Other Possible Synonyms:	From various places across the web, may not be correct.
	Pedalium murex[E,H] T. terrestes[H] T. terrestrus[Sn1,Sn2,Stz]
Other Common Names:	From various places around the Web, may not be correct.
	Abrojo [E], Burra Gokeroo [E], Burra Gokhru [H], Burra Gookeroo [H], Chi Li [E], Chih Hsing [E], Goatsheads [S], Gokru Kalan [E], Gokshura [E], Gotub [E], Hasach [E], Ji Li [E], Kadava Gokharu [E], Kathe Nerinnil [E], Khasake Kalan [E], Kon Jarah [E], Nd [E], Pai Chi Li [E], Puncture Vine [S], Puncturevine [P,B], Sha Yuan Chi Li [E], Tu Chi Li [E], Tzu [E],
Epithets:
	terrestris = growing on the ground;
Other Range Info:
	Africa; Britain; China; India; Iran; Iraq; Kurdistan; Lesotho; Malaysia; Spain; Sudan
Noxious, Invasive and Injurious Weeds	From UDSA PLANTS database, Weeds Australia
	Listed as noxious for: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmaina, Northen Territory (Aust).

Physical Characteristics

Annual/Biennial growing to 0.6m at a fast rate. It is frost tender. It is in flower from April to August. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs). We rate it 1 out of 5 for usefulness.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires dry or moist soil. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure.

Habitats and Possible Locations

Cultivated Beds.

Edible Uses

Fruit; Leaves.

Leaves and young shoots - cooked[144, 177]. A nutritional analysis is available[218].

Fruit - cooked. The unexpanded seed capsules are ground into a powder and made into a bread[2, 144, 177, 179]. A famine food, it is only used when all else fails[2].

Composition

Leaves (Fresh weight): In grammes per 100g weight of food:
Water: 79.09 Protein: 7.22 Ash: 4.6
In milligrammes per 100g weight of food:
Calcium: 1600 Phosphorus: 80 Iron: 9.22 VitaminC: 41
Source: [218]

Medicinal Uses

Abortifacient; Alterative; Anthelmintic; Aphrodisiac; Carminative; Demulcent; Diuretic; Galactogogue; Infertility; Pectoral.

The seed is abortifacient, alterative, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactogogue, pectoral and tonic[4, 147, 176, 178, 218]. It stimulates blood circulation[147]. A decoction is used in treating impotency in males, nocturnal emissions, gonorrhoea and incontinence of urine[4, 240]. It has also proved effective in treating painful urination, gout and kidney diseases[240].

The plant has shown anticancer activity[218].

The flowers are used in the treatment of leprosy[218].

The stems are used in the treatment of scabious skin diseases and psoriasis[218].

The dried and concocted fruits are used in the treatment of congestion, gas, headache, liver, ophthalmia and stomatitis[218].

Other Uses

None known

Cultivation details

We have very little information on this species and are not sure how successful it will be in Britain. There are conflicting reports on its hardiness - according to one report it is native to N. France which should make it hardy in Britain[50] whilst another report says that it is only hardy in zone 10 which means that it is not frost tolerant[200]. We would suggest treating it as a frost tender annual and then experimenting with its hardiness. It is likely to require a well-drained dry to moist soil and is also likely to be tolerant of maritime exposure.

The plant is very fast growing from seed[50].

A good bee plant[156].

Propagation

Seed - sow spring in a greenhouse. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out after the last expected frost.

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