Support The skeleton provides a rigid
frame for our body and supports the soft
tissue.
Shape Our shape is mainly due to our skeleton
Protection Bones are very strong and
they protect delicate organs, like the
brain, heart and lungs.
Movement The skeleton is made up of lots of
joints. Muscles are attached by
tendons and allow the bones to move.
Making Blood Cells Long bones contain bone
marrow where new blood cells are
made.
Ribs
You have 12 pairs.
All are joined to vertebrae at the back.
Most are joined to the sternum at the front.
But the bottom two pairs are short floating
ribs.
There are Four Different Types of Bone
Bones come in different shapes and sizes.
Long bones have a diaphysis, epiphysis and a hollow
centre. Examples: radius, ulna, and femur.
Short bones are small, squat, light and very strong.
Example: carpals and tarsals.
Flat bones have a large surface area. Examples: the
scapula and cranium.
Irregular bones are special shapes for the jobs they have
to do. Examples: patella and vertebrae.
The Cranium
It is made of 8 flat bones.
The lower jaw bone or mandible is hinged to it
so you can chew.
Bones are Formed by the Ossification of Cartilage
In the womb all bones start off as cartilage,
and gradually turn to bone by ossification.
The tough outer layer of the bone is called the
periosteum.
Spongy bone is light but still strong. Some spongy bone
contains red marrow, where red blood cells are made.
White blood cells are made in the marrow
cavity.
How Bones Grow
Inside the womb, bones start life as cartilage.
Over the years this turns into bones in a process called
ossification.
In the Womb...
First the periosteum forms. Then bone cells appear in the
middle of the bone and start to change cartilage to bone.
Birth...
At birth, bones are still mostly cartilage. They are quite
soft and easily bent. As the baby grows, bone cells
appear...
9 Years...
...at the sides and ends of the bone, and change them to bone.
Two bands of cartilage are left, the growth
plates.
15 Years...
The plates grow at the outer edge, so the bone gets longer. At
the same time the inner edge is being turned into bone.
Anywhere from late 20's to early 30's...
Growth stops when the growth plates are all bone. Only a thin
layer of cartilage remains at the end of each
bone.
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