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Physical height is one of those human traits which nearly everyone seems to care about, with most people either wishing they had a little more of it or wishing they could find a partner who did. In addition, height - unlike a nebulous concept like "intelligence" - is one particular trait which is quite easy to objectively measure, and it is beyond dispute that how tall one will become is heavily determined by one's genetic inheritance. As such, one would think there'd already be a huge body of work out there which nails down the genetic variations which primarily contribute to this trait, but the surprising thing is that very little was actually known about its genetic determinants until very recently (subs reqd).
In separate efforts, each team [of three in total] pooled genetic and height data collected from other studies to amass information on 13,000 to 31,000 people. The teams then scanned their respective databases for single-nucleotide polymorphisms--regions where the DNA differs by one base--that were associated with being either taller or shorter than average. Researchers led by Kári Stefánsson, a geneticist with deCODE Genetics in Reykjavik, Iceland, identified 27 such regions, and the other two groups, led by geneticist Timothy Frayling at Peninsula Medical School in Exeter in the U.K., and Joel Hirschhorn, a geneticist at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, spotted 20 and 10 regions, respectively. (The teams have not yet had a chance to compare their findings, so it's not yet clear how much overlap there is.)
People who carried mostly "tall" versions of these genetic variations were 3.5 to 5 cm taller on average than people carrying mostly short versions, the teams report online this week in three papers in Nature Genetics.
Now, 3.5-5 isn't really very much in terms of human variation in height, and indeed, the article discloses as much:
The researchers don't yet know how these genetic variations influence height. Some occur in genes that play a role in skeletal growth and development, which makes sense, but others lie in genes that trigger cancer or in undeciphered regions of DNA. What's more, the genetic variations account for less than 4% of the height variation found in the general population, so the researchers think numerous more regions remain to be identified.
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